4/3/2024 0 Comments Cyberghost addon chromeEven milliseconds matter when you’re playing an online game. The farther data has to travel from one point to another, the longer it takes. While 128-bit encryption is still considered highly secure by cybersecurity experts, why settle for less than the best? OpenVPN and IKEv2 use 256-bit AES encryption, and we’re also massive fans of WireGuard® which is possibly even more secure. It’s the industry (and military) standard for a reason, so if a VPN uses anything less, it’s not providing you with the most secure protection available. 256-bit AES encryption is as strong as it gets. Here’s a cheat sheet of what to look for in a good VPN service: We’re spoiled for choice when it comes to VPNs, so picking the right one can often feel difficult. Starting at square one? Consider this your VPN crash course. With a bit of optimization, you’ll get the smoothest user experience and reap the most benefits. Most premium VPNs give you the option to configure some settings and features to your liking. Even so, a little setup guidance goes a long way. Most premium VPNs do the work for you - all you need to do is turn it on. VPNs aren’t as complex as they’re sometimes made out to be. Get CyberGhost VPN How to Set Up A VPN – A Comprehensive Guide Log in with your email/username and password.You can try CyberGhost VPN risk-free with our 45-day money-back guarantee. Follow these quick steps, and you’ll be set up in no time! Getting your VPN up and running is as easy as pie. This guide will show you how to use a VPN and the many ways one can serve you. You don’t need a PhD in computer science, and people who aren’t super tech-savvy can easily understand and operate one. Access to blocked content and reinforced data privacy sounds like a dream, but once you install your VPN, what then? Is using a VPN truly as simple as turning it on and, presto! you’re protected, with the world at your fingertips?
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Look for remotes with various functions, such as on/off switches, timer settings, and color options, allowing you to customize and control the lights effortlessly. Remote Control: Consider whether the projector comes with a remote control for convenience.Look for safety certifications, such as FDA or FCC compliance, to ensure that the product meets safety standards. Safety Features: Ensure that the laser lights projector has built-in safety features to protect you and your family.Look for models that include mounting brackets, ground stakes, or other accessories that make setting up the projector a breeze. Ease of Installation: Check if the projector comes with easy installation instructions and equipment.Look for projectors that are waterproof and can withstand freezing temperatures if you live in a colder climate. Weather Resistance: Since outdoor projectors will inevitably face the elements, it's crucial to choose one that is designed to withstand various weather conditions.Look for projectors with adjustable coverage settings to ensure you can illuminate both small and large outdoor spaces effectively. Projection Coverage: Consider the size of the area you want to cover with laser lights.Whether you prefer traditional red and green or vibrant multi-color displays, make sure the projector can create the desired atmosphere for your holiday decorations. Laser Color Options: Check if the projector offers a variety of laser color options to suit your preferences.Looking to add some holiday cheer to your outdoor space? A Christmas laser lights outdoor projector might just be the answer! But before you make a purchase, consider these important factors to ensure you choose the perfect one for your needs. Buyer's Guide: Christmas Laser Lights Outdoor Projector If you’re looking to enhance your holiday or Halloween decorations, this projector is definitely worth considering. Despite these drawbacks, the projector offers excellent customer service and overall performance. However, some users have reported issues with the remote control and the timer function. The product is easy to set up and comes with a remote control for convenient operation. With its multi-colored laser lights and adjustable projection angle, it creates stunning light displays that will impress your guests. The Christmas Lights Projector Laser Light Xmas Spotlight Projector is a great choice for adding a festive touch to your yard. Timer function may not work consistently. Overall, the Christmas Lights Projector Laser Light Xmas Spotlight Projectors offer an attractive and convenient solution for holiday decorations. There have also been reports of limited brightness and pattern options, as well as potential defects in product quality. However, some users have experienced frustrations with the remote control and the dusk-to-dawn feature. The projector is waterproof and can be used outdoors, perfect for various festivals and occasions. It also comes with a functional remote control and timer, allowing you to easily switch lighting patterns and set timers for automatic shutdown. The upgraded projector can cover an impressive 1500 sq.ft, making your decorations more spectacular than ever. With its dynamic green and red laser lights, you can create a romantic sparkling effect that will bring the festive spirit to your home in just minutes. The Christmas Lights Projector Laser Light Xmas Spotlight Projectors are an impressive way to decorate your home for the holidays. This product has a rating of A.* What does this rating mean? "Explore the many quirks and anomalies of English spelling and pronunciation in an A-to-Z tribute to some of the most unconventional words in the lexicon. the concept will help new readers and new English language learners conquer some of the more peculiar aspects of our language." - Kirkus Reviews The gnome yells, ‘Waiter! There's a bright white gnat nibbling on my gnocchi!'. Each letter's sample is illustrated with cartoony, full-color drawings followed by a comically absurd sentence highlighting other examples. "This atypical alphabet book humorously addresses "mischievous words" that ignore the rules of phonetics and spelling. Maria Beddia is a freelance illustrator, muralist, and textile designer based in Philadelphia.Ĭhris Carpenter is a software developer for a tech startup in New York. Raj Haldar social media, music, books + more! Raj currently lives on the Upper West Side of Manhattan with his wife and two young daughters. His work has been featured by The Washington Post, Interview Magazine, VICE, Pitchfork, Village Voice, Mental Floss, BBC, SPIN and more! His latest book entitled, This Book is Banned gives young readers a lighthearted entrypoint to begin understanding the dangers of book banning and censorship. The Sunday New York Times describes his work as “an intoxicating mix of captivating rhymes with audacious, gorgeous production.” So it should come as no surprise that Haldar has made the leap into the world of children’s literature. In that time, he's amassed a fervent global fanbase and released award-winning viral music videos that highlight his erudite lyrics. But, for close to a decade, he has been better known as Lushlife, the rapper, producer, and multi-instrumentalist. Like the other alphabet books that encourage engagement, this activity also serves as review with an element of competition.Raj Haldar is the author of the #1 New York Times Bestselling picture book, P is for Pterodactyl: The Worst Alphabet Book Ever. Sometimes they come up with better examples than the author. After some time, we read the book and kids see if they have any matches with the author. I give them time to assign a word to each letter encouraging them to skip around and fill out what they can. I read the information on the page about how the Stamp Act angered the colonies and was a leading cause of the American Revolution. I show them the book’s cover and tell them about the book. After a review of the alphabet books we have read in the past, I hand them a sheet of paper with the alphabet running vertically along the left side of the page. It’s called, Yankee Doodle America, The Spirit of 1776 from A to Z, by Wendell Minor. There is one in this subgenre that I do with my fifth graders every year after their unit on the American Revolution. There is a very good one called Gone Forever! An Alphabet of Extinct Animals by Sandra Markle and William Markel, that provides information about endangered or extinct animals. Alphabet books of this category often include information on certain subjects or themes such as gardening or outer space. Many alphabet books are created for a specific topic. In addition to its grammar lesson, this short tale explores themes of empathy and knowing your value as a team member. Most of all, it’s fun. If you are not familiar with the story, it centers around the character X who is excited and exasperated that the alphabet is so unfair. He’s always near the end of the alphabet, needs to come after E in most words, and few words start with him. X soon discovers that the Alphabet Constitution features a clause that if a majority of letters are dissatisfied with the current order, a new alphabet may be created. He makes his case and calls for a vote. On the eve of the vote, X has a dream that he is asked to perform the roles of other letters, and like Ebernezer Scrooge on Christmas Eve, his attitude is altered. He comes to realize that some letters do some very difficult work and follow some very odd rules. In its playfulness with language about language, this short tale examines the difficulties with English spelling and pronunciation. English teachers at most grade levels would find this an excellent introduction to any study of language. Was bouncing a ball, R was roller skating,Įven the younger kids get the potty humor but sometimes it takes a nudge from the next kid who whispers, “get it… P in the pool!” Jef Czekaj’s, A Call For A New Alphabet is my favorite and one that appeals to kids of all ages. 4/3/2024 0 Comments Badass grim reaper wallpapers4263x2397px Grim Reaper Darkness, grim-reaper, death, artist, artwork, digital-art, HD wallpaper.1000x1644px Grim Reaper, black, super, HD phone wallpaper.5120x2880px Grim Reaper Girl, grim-reaper, artist, artwork, digital-art, HD wallpaper.1080x1920px DARK SKULL, black, grim, halloween, theme, skulls, gothic, magic, reaper, HD phone wallpaper.1280x1707px Grim Reaper, death, evil, HD phone wallpaper.1080x1920px Ryuk, anime, death, death note, ghost, grim, light, note, reaper, yagami, HD phone wallpaper.1920x1080px Grim Reaper, dark, Reaper, Horse, Grim, Death, Fantasy, HD wallpaper.1080x2220px hell hounds, hell, grim reaper, dogs, pitball, hell hounds, HD phone wallpaper.1408x2352px Grim Reaper, death, gothic, skull, HD phone wallpaper.5120x2880px Grim Reaper New Ride, grim-reaper, artist, artwork, digital-art, HD wallpaper.3001x2250px Reaper, grim-reaper, skull, artist, artwork, digital-art, dribbble, HD wallpaper.5120x2880px Grim Reaper Neon Guy, grim-reaper, mask, artist, artwork, digital-art, HD wallpaper.720x1280px grim, art, brand, crazy, five, graffiti, night, nights, reaper, skate, HD phone wallpaper.2246x2000px Reaper Smoke, death, grim, reapers, HD wallpaper.2160x1920px Grim Reaper, dark, darkness, skull, HD wallpaper.1080x1920px Death Awaits, grim reaper, sword, HD phone wallpaper.1080x1920px Grim Reaper, HD phone wallpaper.1080x1920px Death Card, ace of spades, grim reaper, HD phone wallpaper.1920x1080px Grim Reaper Monochrome, death, arist, grim-reaper, skull, HD wallpaper.1483x2465px Grim Reaper, death, gothic, HD phone wallpaper.778x1600px Guns, king, skull, reaper, iron, grim, skulls, HD phone wallpaper.1080x1920px Reaper, death, grim reaper, halloween, horse, scary, skull, HD phone wallpaper.1080x1920px REAPER, grim, death, dark, magic, skull, dogs, gothic, fantasy, cool, HD phone wallpaper.3075x1631px Grim Reaper, grim-reaper, artist, artwork, digital-art, moon, night, HD wallpaper. 1080x1920px Ryuk Cloloured, anime, death, death note, ghost, grim, light, note, reaper, yagami, HD phone wallpaper. 1920x1200px Grim Reaper Fantasy Art, death, arist, grim-reaper, skull, HD wallpaper.
Otherwise, you’ll just have to wait for it to become available to rent or buy on digital platforms like Vudu, Paramount, Apple and YouTube, or become available to stream on OTT.įollowing its release in theaters, the film will be available to stream on Netflix. You can find a local showing on Fandango. We'll update this with new information as it becomes available.Īs of now, the only way to watch Animal is to head to a theater when it releases on Friday, December 1. Enjoy uninterrupted viewing of the movie without any distractions.Īnimal is not currently available to stream, and there's been no word on when or where it will eventually be released. Stream Animal Movie 2023 online for free without any annoying ads. So, where can you watch Animal? Will it be available to stream at home on OTT or Netflix? Here’s everything we know about how and where to watch Animal online for free. Given the movie's very positive response, excitement has only grown to see what Animal delivers, leaving viewers eagerly waiting to watch it. Earning around ₹737.98 crore (US$92 million), Animal has emerged as third highest-grossing Indian film of 2023, 10th highest-grossing Indian film and highest-grossing A (adults only) rated Indian film of all time, making it more accessible for audiences and Animal fans around the world. With a runtime of 201 minutes (3 hours 21 minutes), the film was one of the longest Indian films made.Īnimal was theatrically released on 1 December 2023 in standard and IMAX formats and received mixed reviews from critics. The film has music composed by JAM8, Vishal Mishra, Jaani, Manan Bhardwaj, Shreyas Puranik, Ashim Kemson and Harshwardhan Rameshwar, cinematography handled by Amit Roy and editing by Sandeep Reddy Vanga. Principal photography commenced in April 2022 and wrapped by April 2023. The film was officially announced in January 2021, along with the title of the film. In the film, Ranvijay "Vijay" Singh learns about an assassination attempt on his father and sets out to exact revenge. The film stars Ranbir Kapoor, Anil Kapoor, Bobby Deol, Rashmika Mandanna and Tripti Dimri. The film is produced by Bhushan Kumar, Krishan Kumar, Murad Khetani and Pranay Reddy Vanga under T-Series Films, Bhadrakali Pictures and Cine1 Studios. Animal is a 2023 Indian Hindi-language action drama film directed and edited by Sandeep Reddy Vanga, who also co-wrote the screenplay with Pranay Reddy Vanga and Saurabh Gupta. So when can you watch the Hindi movie’ Animal – and can you stream it?Īnimal is the latest Hindi movie, and there are different options for where audiences can watch the film. Experience the movie in stunning detail and clarity.Īnimal roared into Indian cinemas in December, leaving the wider world eager to experience the Bollywood. Watch Animal Movie 2023 online for free with high-quality video. Instead, keep a watchful eye on your money (and enjoy watching your savings grow or your bills shrink) with these 9 Financial Planner Printables and make 2019 your most organized year yet! To do this, click on the D14 cell and write the following formula which includes the SUM function to sum all incomes recorded.We respect your privacy.
If you discover something like this in your data, share in a comment! I’d like to return to this data and see how my item categories evolved over time I’ve a suspicion my physical book purchases were heavier in my college days, while e-book purchases increased once I finally downloaded a Kindle app a few years ago. Go show off your data! Next stepsĪ data addict’s search for (mostly useless) insights is never over. Here’s a good overview of the sharing options. You can also embed the presentation into your website, although this takes a bit of basic familiarity with HTML language. You can share a link directly to the presentation, or export the file to tools like Slideshare. There are several easy ways to do that, and they all sit in the “Share” menu option at the top-right of the Piktochart screen. After taking a minute to bask in your glory, start poking around to see how you can add slides, edit some of the existing content, and change styles like backgrounds.įinally, like any good interactive chart, you want to be able to share it. Start by pasting your data from your CSV file into the data editor in Piktochart.īoom! You just made your first online, interactive chart with your own Amazon order history. Take a minute to acquaint yourself with the layout this article and image will help. This will open a new chart editor window. To make a chart, click on a slide within the presentation where you want the chart, then click on the “Tools” menu option on the left, then “Chart”. You can also use the menu options on right to add or change graphics images, including pulling from many free icon and photo libraries. You can dive right in to edit things like text areas, just as you would in Powerpoint. Once you open the presentation, you’ll see it’s filled with dummy content. You can choose from one of many free templates (many more are available with a paid plan) don’t worry about things like fonts and colors since you can customize them later. Next, start out by creating a presentation (you could also create an infographic, or even a printed product ). To get here, jump over to Piktochart to make an account - it’s free, and you can log in from Google or Facebook (they won’t post anything without your permission). The full presentation has some other nifty charts as well. Let’s use Piktochart to make an interactive presentation that shows the change in my annual spend over time - something like this: For example, my spend plummeted while I was living abroad in 2009, and it spiked in 20, when I moved and renovated my apartment. (By the way, this TEXT function is pretty flexible about what you put within the quotes.) For instance, writing:Īnyways, now we have a column that shows the year that every order was placed in, and we can surface some insights that reveal milestones and patterns in my own life. Now, just double-click the bottom-right corner of the cell B2 (or whatever cell you just ran the formula in) to apply the formula to all cells beneath it. For example, if the order date in cell A2 was “” and I’d like to put the first three characters of the year into cell B2, I’d put this into B2: Use the TEXT formula in a new “year” column. Clean the data.Įxtracting the year of each item can be done with a formula ( School of Datahas a great primer on formulas). But the raw data doesn’t have a column for “year”, so I needed to extract that information from the “order date” column. The diversity and clarity of the dataset is remarkable.Īlso, a quick skim in Excel shows that most cells have content - there aren’t any gaps - and the column titles do a good job of explaining what they represent (this isn’t always the case, and that’s when good metadata comes in handy).īased on what I saw, I figured it would be useful to learn how my purchase patterns evolve from year to year. Next, inspect the data.Įach of the 300+ rows corresponds to a different item that I ordered, and there are 40 columns with fields describing everything from the order date and payment method to shipping address and item category (such as “paperback” and “sports”). The data downloads as a single CSV file, which is a common format to store simple information in a table ( here’s a good explanation of the difference between CSV and Excel files). It’s easy to access previous data requests through 4/3/2024 0 Comments Party planner jobsDon’t leave it out because you don’t have a “professional head shot”. If they ask for a head shot put in your best one. They won’t mind a call like this, so don’t be scared to put in that little bit of extra effort) Call in and talk to the receptionist, or whoever answers the phone. Or do a little research and find out who is doing the hiring. – Use a cover letter with “To whom it may concern” when it’s clear who the resume will be going to ( Hint: If the company is us, “Amanda Douglas Events”, it’s pretty safe to address it to me Amanda. – Drop off a resume and cover letter when it states to email it (then it goes right to the correct person) – Copy and paste your resume and cover letter into an email and send it (ALWAYS send it as a PDF attached to the email) If you can’t pay attention to the details in the application process – and follow them – why would they want you on the team? (especially in event planning attention to detail is everything) Things to not do: If you want the job it’s safe to say if you don’t follow instructions you won’t be considered. If the job posting says “Please include your resume and cover letter” Don’t have one? Then create one! There are a ton of great resume building resources online: If you want to stand out the very first thing you should do is follow the application instructions. Be ready, I’m going to dish out a little tough love, but hey, honesty is the way to great success! I thought maybe a blog post was in order to coach through the application process along a little. Having a cover letter? Hint: If it’s asked for you should do it). I’m always shocked when someone applies for a job with us and doesn’t follow the instructions (e.g. (Don’t get me wrong I LOVE what I do but by no means would I ever call it an easy job) It’s not all fluff and fun and pink and diamonds. There’s all those hours behind the scenes, in the office, working on budgets, and managing expectations, emotions, timelines and, vendors. I know, we all make it look like a ton of fun, and that it’s all glam, but those are the parts you see. Forbes lists it as the 8th most stressful job (and for good reason!). I’ve realized that there is this idea out there that being a wedding or event planner is an easy job. I’ll be answering these questions and more in this post, and telling you a bit more about what it’s really like to be in the wedding industry (buckle up!) How do I get an internship or even get myself noticed? How hard is it to find a job as a wedding planner? With this on how to get an interview, impress in the interview, and how to land the job. We will consider all applications without regard to race, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, age, color, religion, national origin, veteran status, disability, genetic information or any other status protected by applicable law.I sift through a lot of resumes, cover letters and, conduct my fair share of interviews so I thought it was time to write a blog post to help all of you in your effects to get a job as a Wedding Planner. Previous experience with computer applications, such as Microsoft Word, Excel and PowerPoint.ĪGS is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer (M/F/Disability/Veterans). Verbal and written communication skills, multi-tasking, customer service skills and interpersonal skills.Ībility to keep information organized and confidential. Must have 2+ years of working in events experience. Responsibility will include a range of activities that will include - organizing logistics, agenda management, writing communications, and support the event onsite day of the event.Ĭoordinate the logistics needed for the event. The primary responsibility of this role is to support the event lead in planning and executing an upcoming event. If you are selected for this role, you will be employed by AGS and will not be an employee of Microsoft. Please note that this is a contract role providing services to Microsoft through external staffing partners of Allegis Global Solutions. 4/3/2024 0 Comments Lvl 2.0e beam span tablesThe LVL sheets are sanded smooth on all sides and then cut into widths and lengths based on market demand or special orders. LVL is also straighter and of more uniform dimensions than regular lumber, and is less likely to shrink, twist, warp, or bow. Since the layers of wood grain all run parallel to each other, LVL is similar to solid wood, but at least twice as strong. The stacks then pass into a machine that produces high heat and pressure to ensure a strong, long-lasting adhesive bond between layers. The number of sheets in the stack determines the thickness of the laminated beam. The glued sheets are then stacked with the grain running longitudinally like solid lumber not alternating longitudinally and latitudinally as with plywood. The veneer then passes through a gluing machine that applies a thin layer of waterproof adhesive. Once dried and trimmed, the sheets pass through a sander or grinder that flattens and smooths them to a consistent thickness. The veneer sheet is then dried with hot air, causing it to shrink some, and then it is trimmed to size for LVL production. The logs are debarked, pressure steamed with a mix of water vapor and chemicals for 48-hours, and then run through a veneer peeler that ‘unrolls’ the log into a continuous sheet with a thickness between 1/16” and 1/4”. It is made in a similar manner to plywood using softwood veneer logs or peelers. LVL or laminated veneer lumber was used to make propellers for aircraft in WW2 but didn’t become a construction material until the mid-1970s. How Far Can an LVL Beam Span Without Support?.Our goal is to provide you with information to help with your next or current building project. Additionally, we look at how to install an LVL beam. We explain how to determine beam size and also discuss their cost. In this article, we’ll identify what LVL beams are, their different sizes, how far they can span, and their different uses. Depending on its width, depth, and load parameters, an LVL beam can span up to 80-feet. The layers are heated, glued, and pressed together in different widths or thicknesses, and then cut to depths to meet various load requirements. After explaining what it was and the LVL beam span, I decided to give it a try, but I also wanted more information.Īn LVL or laminated veneer lumber beam is made up of thin layers of wood veneer similar to plywood. Such was a recent experience when I was looking for a beam for a renovation project. LVL 2900Fb-2.Every time I wander through my local lumber store, I seem to encounter a new product, not that it’s all that new, just to my awareness or my location. (Almost 2x what I need)Īgree with my assumption (in bold above)? So a double-ply LVL 3 1/2" x 9 1/2" x 11 ft beam can support 353 x 2 = 706 PLF. Using the Uniform floor load (PLF) tables from LP corp, I see that a single Total weight of supported floor: 55 x 154 = 8470 lbs.Īssuming beam is carrying 50% of this load (and the exterior wall carrying the other 50%) 8470/2 = 4235 lbs.īeam is (nearly) 11ft long. Using standard load estimates from LVL span tables: 40 psf live, 15 psf dead = 55 lb/sqft.
However, with the increasingly sophisticated methods employed in current zebrafish biology research and the expected finer phenotypical changes resulting from a variety of manipulations, including those affecting brain function and behavior, zebrafish researchers need to revisit the question of whether the current industry standard of crowding zebrafish into small tanks may impact the studied phenotypes. In the past, the primary concern for most researchers studying embryonic development was egg-yield, and thus efficiency and cost of fish breeding and maintenance enjoyed priority. The high-density housing method reduces costs and increases maintenance efficiency for the zebrafish researcher. The tank sizes on these high-density rack systems range from 1 to 10 L in volume, and the excellent filtration methodology allows housing zebrafish at a high density of 5–20 fish/L ( Avdesh et al., 2012 Lawrence and Mason, 2012 Liss et al., 2015 Aleström et al., 2019). In most zebrafish facilities, the fish are housed in commercial high-density rack systems that employ efficient recirculating multi-stage water filtration ( Avdesh et al., 2012 Lawrence and Mason, 2012). As a result, thousands of laboratories keep zebrafish around the world. Due to its simplicity, its economical maintenance, and its prolific nature, the zebrafish is employed increasingly frequently in a variety of fields of biology including behavioral neuroscience ( Luca and Gerlai, 2012 Fulcher et al., 2017 Shams et al., 2017a, b). The zebrafish genome is sequenced with a number of genes identified as having homologs in mammals, and numerous other features of this species, including neurobiological and neuroanatomical characteristics have also been found to be evolutionarily conserved when compared to mammalian phenes ( Luca and Gerlai, 2012 Fulcher et al., 2017 Shams et al., 2017a, b). The zebrafish is a simple vertebrate that possesses a sophisticated behavioral repertoire and well characterized biological features including thoroughly investigated embryonic development ( Luca and Gerlai, 2012 Fulcher et al., 2017 Shams et al., 2017b). It has become one of the most favored laboratory model organism in biomedical research ( Parker et al., 2012 Shams et al., 2017a, b). The zebrafish ( Danio rerio) is a freshwater fish found in slow flowing bodies of water such as ponds and streams in Southern and South-Eastern Asia ( Reed and Jennings, 2011). Although we had only three fish densities and three tank sizes and we did not explore the effects of more extreme conditions and although the interpretation of the above behavioral effects is speculative at this point, the results already demonstrate that both tank size and housing density exerts significant effects on the zebrafish and thus should be considered in zebrafish husbandry. We found significant additive and interacting effects of tank size and/or housing density on swim path parameters including immobility, swim speed, turn angle, and distance to bottom and to stimulus. Subsequently, we tested the behavior of the fish singly in a novel open tank for 12 min and quantified several of their swim path parameters using a video-tracking system. We randomly assigned adult zebrafish to one of three tank sizes (1.5, 10, or 50 L) with one of three housing densities (1, 2, or 4 fish/L), a 3 × 3 between subject experimental design, and maintained the fish in their corresponding condition for 2 weeks. Here, we conduct the first proof of concept analysis examining the potential impact of housing density and tank volume on the behavior of zebrafish. Nevertheless, surprisingly little is known about what constitutes an optimal housing environment for the zebrafish, e.g., no systematic analyses have been performed to test the role of housing density and tank volume despite recent sporadic reports implying negative effects of the standard practice of crowding. However, physiological and psychological stress resulting from such crowding may impact a variety of phenotypes, from brain function and behavior to cardiovascular function and cancer. Current industry standards favor keeping the largest possible number of fish in the smallest possible volume of water to increase efficiency and reduce costs. As a result, zebrafish are kept in thousands of laboratories around the world. The zebrafish has been employed in several fields of biology due to its translational relevance and its simplicity and ease of maintenance. 3Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.2Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.1Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Stephanie Shishis 1 Benjamin Tsang 2,3 Robert Gerlai 1,2* |
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